The brain’s cerebral cortex is the outermost layer that gives the brain its characteristic wrinkly appearance. The cerebral cortex is divided lengthways into two cerebral hemispheres connected by the corpus callosum. Traditionally, each of the hemispheres has been divided into four lobes: 

• Frontal Lobe
• Parietal lobe
• Temporal lobe
• Occipital lobe

However, there are two more lobes that cannot be visualized without further dissecting the brain - the insular lobe and the limbic lobe.

Frontal lobe

• Location: in front of the parietal lobe (separated by the central sulcus) and above and in front of temporal lobe (separated by lateral sulcus - Sylvian fissure)
• Gyri: superior, middle and inferior frontal gyri, precentral gyrus, paracentral lobule
• Function: control of voluntary movement, involved in attention, short term memory tasks, motivation, planning

Parietal lobe

• Location: above the occipital sulcus (separated by parieto-occipital sulcus) and behind the central sulcus
• Gyri: postcentral gyrus, superior and inferior parietal lobules
• Function: integrates proprioceptive and mechanoceptive stimuli, involved in language processing

Occipital lobe

• Location: behind the parieto-occipital sulcus and behind the temporal lobe (separated by temporo-occipital incisure)
• Gyri: superior and inferior occipital gyri
• Function: center for visual processing

Temporal lobe

• Location: beneath the lateral sulcus
• Gyri: superior, middle, inferior temporal gyri
• Function: decoding sensory input into derived meanings for retention of visual memory and language comprehension

Insular lobe

• Location: beneath the cortex where temporal, parietal and frontal lobes meet
• Gyri: long gyrus, short gyri
• Function: processing and integration of taste sensation, visceral and pain sensation and vestibular functions

Limbic lobe

• Location: at the medial surface of each hemisphere and around the corpus calosum
• Gyri: subcallosal, cingulate, parahippocampal gyri
• Function: modulation of emotions, modulation of visceral and autonomic functions, learning, memory