Head and Neck

Skull

In this section, we look at the anatomy of the skull and its parts, learning about each bone of the skull, as well as the main sutures connecting the skull bones.

Muscles of mastication

In this article, get to know the four pairs of primary muscles of mastication. Find out where they each originate, insert, and what kind of function they provide. The chapter also offers more detailed information about the bony attachments of the primary masticatory muscles, and a brief overview of other muscles participating in mastication known as the accessory muscles of mastication.

Skull topography

Learn about the internal cranial base and the external cranial base along with fossae they contain, their anatomical landmarks, boundaries, and structures forming them. This section also includes information about the anatomy of the orbit, nasal cavity, and paranasal sinuses.

Anatomy of the face

This section provides information about facial muscles, as well as the anatomy of the parotid gland. Learn also about the blood supply and innervation of the face, and the motor and sensory nerves providing it.

Cranial nerves

This chapter gives detailed information about all twelve cranial nerves. Learn the names and exit points of the cranial nerves, find out which cranial nerves are connected with the cavernous sinus, and study the anatomical course, main branches, and topography of each nerve!

Central nervous system (CNS)

Muscles of the neck

This chapter contains information about the superficial neck muscles, as well as the suprahyoid, infrahyoid, scalene, prevertebral and suboccipital muscle groups. Get to know their origin, insertion, function, innervation, and blood supply.

Skull openings

In this study unit, learn about various openings connecting parts of the skull and determine which structures pass through them.

Arteries of the head and neck

This section gives an overview of the anatomy of the most important vessels providing arterial blood supply to the head and neck regions.

Veins of the head and neck

Learn about the course and topography of the essential veins providing venous drainage from the neck and head regions.

Facial muscles

This segment provides information about the muscles that provide facial expressions. Learn also the origin site, insertion, functions, innervation, and blood supply of each muscle.

Palatine muscles

In this study unit, we take a close look at the muscles that form the soft palate. Learn in detail about their anatomical location, attachment sites, functions, innervation and blood supply.

Ligaments of the neck

In this study, learn about the ligaments strengthening the cervical spine.

Brain

This article covers the basic anatomy of the human brain. Study each of its main parts: the brainstem and its division (medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain), the cerebellum, and the largest and most complex part of the brain - the cerebral hemispheres. You can learn to identify the cerebral lobes, gyri and sulci present on the cerebral surface, and the functional areas of the cerebral cortex. This section also includes an overview of the vasculature of the brain.

Ear

This chapter provides very detailed information about the external, middle, and internal ear, their anatomical parts, landmarks, and relations between all of them. Also, find out the nerves and blood vessels supplying the ear.

Orbit

In this study unit, learn which bones form the bony framework of the orbit, what are the extra-ocular muscles and which nerves are found in the orbit. The section also contains information about the lacrimal apparatus.

Triangles of the neck

In this section, find out about topographical regions known as triangles of the neck. Learn about the location, structures that form the borders, as well as the contents of each neck triangle.